Facet Joint Syndrome: Causes, Symptoms & Best Treatment Options

 

What is Facet Joint Syndrome?

Facet joints are small joints between the vertebrae of the spine, allowing smooth movement and flexibility. These joints provide stability while enabling bending and twisting motions. However, when they become inflamed due to injury or degeneration, it leads to Facet Joint Syndrome, causing pain and restricted movement.

Anatomy of Facet Joints

The spine consists of movable bones (vertebrae), forming a strong structure with a large disc in the front and two facet joints in the back. These joints are lined with cartilage, lubricated by synovial fluid, and covered by a joint capsule. When healthy, facet joints ensure fluid motion and prevent excessive twisting. However, when affected by degeneration or injury, the joint capsule may thin, cartilage deteriorates, and bone spurs may form, leading to pain and stiffness.

Causes of Facet Joint Syndrome

Several factors can contribute to Facet Joint Syndrome, including:

• Aging & Wear and Tear – Cartilage degeneration leads to joint inflammation.
• Spinal Injuries – Trauma can damage facet joints, triggering chronic pain.
• Poor Posture & Repetitive Movements – Prolonged strain affects spine alignment.
• Obesity – Excess weight increases stress on facet joints.
• Degenerative Disc Disease – As discs lose height, pressure shifts to facet joints.

Common Symptoms of Facet Joint Syndrome

• Pain & Stiffness – Common in the neck (cervical), mid-back (thoracic), or lower back (lumbar).
• Restricted Mobility – Difficulty bending, twisting, or standing for long periods.
• Nerve Compression Symptoms – Numbness, tingling, and muscle weakness if nerves are irritated.
• Bone Spurs Formation – Joints rubbing together abnormally cause extra bone growth.
• Tenderness in Affected Areas – Surrounding muscles may become tight and inflamed.

Types of Facet Joint Syndrome

Depending on which part of the spine is affected, symptoms may vary:

• Cervical Facet Joint Syndrome – Neck pain and stiffness, often making it hard to turn the head.
• Thoracic Facet Joint Syndrome – Pain in the mid-back, though less common due to spine rigidity.
• Lumbar Facet Joint Syndrome – Lower back pain, making it hard to stand or straighten up.

Diagnosis of Facet Joint Syndrome

A proper diagnosis requires clinical evaluation and imaging tests:

• X-rays & MRI Scans – Identify degeneration, joint space narrowing, or bone spurs.
• Facet Joint Block – A local anesthetic injection helps confirm pain source.
• Physical Examination – Doctors assess pain triggers, posture, and movement limitations.

Best Treatment Options for Facet Joint Syndrome

Conservative Treatments (Non-Surgical)

• Physiotherapy & Kinesiotherapy – Exercises to strengthen muscles and improve mobility.
• Manual Therapy – Techniques like Myofascial Release, IASTM, and Dry Needling.
• Pain Management Medications – NSAIDs, muscle relaxants, and corticosteroids.
• Lifestyle Changes – Weight management, posture correction, and ergonomic adjustments.

Advanced Treatment Options

• Radiofrequency Ablation (RFA) – A minimally invasive procedure using heat to disrupt pain signals.
• Facet Joint Injections – Corticosteroid injections to reduce inflammation.
• Laser Therapy – Helps in reducing inflammation and promoting healing.
• Kinesiology Taping – Provides additional support to the affected area.

Conclusion

Facet Joint Syndrome is a common cause of chronic spine pain, affecting daily activities and mobility. Early diagnosis and a combination of physiotherapy, lifestyle changes, and medical treatments can effectively manage symptoms. If conservative methods don’t work, advanced interventions like radiofrequency ablation may offer long-term relief. Consult a specialist for a tailored treatment plan and regain pain-free movement!