Understanding Kyphosis: Causes, Diagnosis & Treatment

Kyphosis: Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment


Kyphosis is a spinal condition characterized by an excessive outward curve in the upper back, leading to a hunched posture. It can be classified into different types based on its cause and severity. Understanding kyphosis, its symptoms, and available treatments can help manage and prevent further complications.

Types of Kyphosis

1. Structural Kyphosis

This type results from abnormal spinal bone development or improper growth patterns. Causes include:

  • Genetics – A family history of spinal deformities.

  • Birth Defects – Spinal malformations present from birth.

  • Infections – Conditions like tuberculosis affecting spinal bones.

2. Postural Kyphosis

A reversible condition caused by poor posture and muscle weakness, commonly seen in older adults. Factors include:

  • Poor muscle tone

  • Sedentary lifestyle

  • Osteoporosis

  • Obesity

3. Scheuermann’s Kyphosis

A structural deformity due to abnormal vertebral growth patterns. The cause is not fully understood, but genetics play a role.

Causes of Kyphosis

Several factors contribute to kyphosis, including:

  • Postural Habits – Slouching or poor sitting posture.

  • Compensatory Changes – Exaggerated lumbar lordosis leading to kyphosis.

  • Ankylosing Spondylitis – A chronic inflammatory condition causing spinal stiffness.

  • Vertebral Fractures – Trauma or osteoporosis-related fractures.

Symptoms of Kyphosis

  • Rounded upper back appearance

  • Back and neck pain

  • Stiffness and reduced mobility

  • Difficulty standing or walking

  • Severe cases may cause breathing issues due to lung compression

Diagnosing Kyphosis

1. Physical Examination

Doctors assess spinal curvature, posture, and flexibility.

2. Imaging Tests

  • X-Rays – Helps determine the severity of curvature.

  • MRI/CT Scans – Detects underlying conditions like spinal tumors or infections.

Treatment Options for Kyphosis

1. Medications

Pain relievers, such as NSAIDs, help reduce discomfort and inflammation.

2. Physiotherapy & Exercises

A tailored exercise program strengthens back muscles, improves flexibility, and corrects posture. Techniques include:

  • Myofascial Release

  • Manual Therapy

  • Dry Needling

  • Instrument-Assisted Soft Tissue Mobilization (IASTM)

  • Kinesiology Taping

3. Spinal Bracing

Recommended for growing children to prevent worsening curvature.

4. Surgery

Severe kyphosis cases may require surgical intervention using rods and screws to correct the curvature.

Conclusion

Kyphosis is a manageable condition when diagnosed early. Lifestyle modifications, targeted physiotherapy, and medical interventions can significantly improve spinal health and overall quality of life. Seeking professional guidance ensures an effective treatment plan tailored to individual needs.


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Location: India

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